Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever caused by a bacteria called Salmonella typhi. It can also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi, a related bacterium that usually causes a less severe illness. 

The bacteria are deposited in water or food by a human carrier and are then spread to other people in the area. The incidence of typhoid fever in the United States has markedly decreased since the early 1900s, when tens of thousands of cases were reported in the U.S. Today, less than 400 cases are reported annually in the United States, mostly in people who have recently traveled to Mexico and South America.

How Do People Get Typhoid Fever?

Typhoid fever is contracted by drinking of eating the bacteria in contaminated food or water. People with acute illness can contaminate the surrounding water supply through stool, which contains a high concentration of the bacteria. Contamination of the water supply can, in turn, taint the food supply. The bacteria can survive for weeks in water or dried sewage. About 3%-5% of people become carriers of the bacteria after the acute illness. Others suffer a very mild illness that goes unrecognized. These people may become long-term carriers of the bacteria – even though they have no symptoms -- and be the source of new outbreaks of typhoid fever for many years.

 

How Is Typhoid Fever Diagnosed?

After the ingestion of contaminated food or water, the Salmonella bacteria invade the small intestine and enter the bloodstream temporarily. The bacteria are carried by white blood cells in the liver spleen, and bone marrow, where they multiply and reenter the bloodstream. People develop symptoms, including fever, at this point. Bacteria invade the gallbladder, biliary system, and the lymphatic tissue of the bowel. Here, they multiply in high numbers. The bacteria pass into the intestinal tract and can be identified in stool samples. If a test result isn't clear, blood samples will be taken to make a diagnosis.

 

What Are the Symptoms of Typhoid Fever?

The incubation period is usually 1-2 weeks, and the duration of the illness is about 3-4 weeks. Symptoms include:

·        Poor appetite

·        Headaches

·        Generalized aches and pains

·        Fever as high as 104 degrees Farenheit

·        Lethargy

·        Diarrhea

·        Chest congestion develops in many people,

and abdominal pain and discomfort are

common. The fever becomes constant.

Improvement occurs in the third and fourth week in those without complications. About 10% of people have recurrent symptoms after feeling better for one to two weeks. Relapses are actually more common in individuals treated with antibiotics.

 

How Is Typhoid Fever Treated?

Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics which kill the Salmonella bacteria. Prior to the use of antibiotics, the fatality rate was20%. Death occurred from overwhelming infection, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding, or intestinal perforation. With antibiotics and supportive care, mortality has been reduced to 1%-2%. With appropriate antibiotic therapy, there is usually improvement within one to two days and recovery within seven to 10 days.

 

Home Remedies For Typhoid Fever

As read above, typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics. But do you know that we have common natural antibiotics around us? Below are some natural remedies for typhoid fever:

Ginger

Garlic

Onions

 

Common Herbs for Typhoid Fever

Morinda (Morinda Lucida) - leaves

Pawpaw leaves

Bitter leaves

HERBAL REMEDY: Get 10 lemons, 25 limes 2 local grapes, 2 unripe pawpaw, and 2 unripe pineapples. Then cut into pieces a quantity of the back of Neem tree and its leaves. Add one bulb of garlic to it and mix all in 2 litres of water and boil for 30 to 40 minutes.

 

Dosage: Half a beer glass, 3 times daily for 2-3 weeks

 

Typhoid Fever At A Glance

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonellae typhi bacteria.

Typhoid fever is contracted by the ingestion of contaminated food or water.

Diagnosis of typhoid fever is made when the Salmonella bacteria are detected with a stool culture .

Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics.

Typhoid fever symptoms are poor appetite, headaches , generalized aches and pains, fever, and lethargy.

Approximately 3%-5% of patients become carriers of the bacteria after the acute illness.